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In May 2018, the ACLU submitted FOIA requests to seven federal agencies that conduct surveillance of social media users and speech: the Departments of Homeland Security, Justice, and State; the Federal Bureau of Investigation; U.S. Customs & Border Protection; U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services; and U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement. Those agencies failed to produce any documents in response to the request. In January 2019, we filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California to demand that the agencies turn over documents about how the government is collecting and analyzing social media content, the policies that govern this surveillance, and the tools agencies use, including algorithmic surveillance and machine-learning techniques.

Government monitoring and retention of information about First Amendment-protected speech increases the likelihood that agencies will investigate or otherwise monitor people based on that speech. It also risks chilling expressive activity and can lead to the disproportionate targeting of racial and religious minority communities, and those who dissent against government policies.

These risks and consequences are even more severe when the government uses powerful tools to compile digital dossiers and track online speech, networks, and associations. The public deserves to know how government agencies are surveilling online speech, what policies apply to such surveillance, and what the consequences are for our rights.