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WASHINGTON 鈥� The American Civil Liberties Union, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and the ACLU of Massachusetts today filed a petition for a writ of certiorari, asking the Supreme Court to hear a challenge to the Department of Homeland Security鈥檚 policy and practice of warrantless and suspicionless searches of travelers鈥� electronic devices at U.S. airports and other ports of entry.

The lawsuit, Merchant v. Mayorkas, was filed in September 2017 on behalf of several travelers whose cell phones, laptops, and other electronic devices were searched without warrants at the U.S. border. In November 2019, a federal district court in Boston ruled that border agencies鈥� policies on electronic device searches violate the Fourth Amendment, and required border officers to have reasonable suspicion of digital contraband before they can search a traveler鈥檚 device. A three-judge panel at the First Circuit reversed this decision in February 2021.

鈥淭his case raises pressing questions about the Fourth Amendment鈥檚 protections in the digital age,鈥� said Esha Bhandari, deputy director of the ACLU鈥檚 Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project. 鈥淲hen border officers search our phones and laptops, they can access massive amounts of sensitive personal information, such as private photographs, health information, and communications with partners, family, and friends鈥攊ncluding discussions between lawyers and their clients, and between journalists and their sources. We are asking the Supreme Court to ensure that we don鈥檛 lose our privacy rights when we travel.鈥�

鈥淏order officers every day make an end-run around the Constitution by searching travelers鈥� electronic devices without a warrant or any suspicion of wrongdoing,鈥� said EFF Senior Staff Attorney Sophia Cope. 鈥淭he U.S. government has granted itself unfettered authority to rummage through our digital lives just because we travel internationally. This egregious violation of privacy happens with no justification under constitutional law and no demonstrable benefit. The Supreme Court must put a stop to it.鈥�

Every year, a of international travelers are subject to warrantless and suspicionless searches of their personal electronic devices at the U.S. border. These searches are often conducted for reasons that have nothing to do with stopping the importation of contraband or determining a traveler鈥檚 admissibility. Border officers claim the authority to search devices for a host of reasons, including enforcement of tax, financial, consumer protection, and environmental laws鈥攁ll without suspicion of wrongdoing. Border officers also will search travelers鈥� devices if they are interested in information about someone other than the traveler鈥攍ike a business partner, family member, or a journalist鈥檚 source.

The petitioners in this case鈥攁ll U.S. citizens鈥攊nclude a military veteran, journalists, an artist, a NASA engineer, and a business owner. Several are Muslims and people of color, and none were accused of any wrongdoing in connection with their device searches.

鈥淚t鈥檚 been frustrating to be subjected to this power-grab by the government,鈥� said Diane Zorri, a college professor, former U.S. Air Force captain, and a plaintiff in the case. 鈥淢y devices are mine, and the government should need a good reason before rifling through my phone and my computer. I鈥檓 proud to be part of this case to help protect travelers鈥� rights.鈥�

The certiorari petition asks the Supreme Court to overturn the First Circuit鈥檚 decision and hold that the Fourth Amendment requires the government to obtain a warrant based on probable before searching electronic devices, or at the least have reasonable suspicion that the device contains digital contraband.

The Supreme Court petition is here: /legal-document/merchant-v-mayorkas-supreme-court-petition